B.Pharm Second Year Syllabus

Core machine-learning concepts; supervised and unsupervised learning; model building and evaluation; applications of ML in drug discovery, formulation and pharmaceutical data.

Ecosystems and biodiversity; environmental pollution and its control; sustainability and green practices relevant to the pharmaceutical industry.

Professional ethics; moral values and human conduct; ethical decision-making in pharmacy practice and research.

Principles of drug action; pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics; routes of administration; introduction to autonomic nervous system pharmacology.

Chemistry of heterocyclic ring systems found in drugs; stereochemistry, isomerism and optical activity, and their relevance to drug action.

Formulation, manufacture and evaluation of solid and liquid dosage forms — tablets, capsules, solutions, suspensions and emulsions.

Unit operations — flow of fluids, heat and mass transfer, size reduction, mixing, drying, filtration, distillation and evaporation; equipment and processes.

Structure and classification of microorganisms; sterilization and disinfection; aseptic techniques; microbial assays and sterility testing.

Standardization, formulation and evaluation of herbal drugs; nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals; regulatory aspects and quality control of herbal products.

Drug-design principles; structure–activity relationships (SAR); chemistry, synthesis and mechanism of major therapeutic drug classes.

Recombinant DNA technology; fermentation and production of biologicals; enzymes, vaccines, monoclonal antibodies and biopharmaceuticals.

Public health, epidemiology and national health programmes; preventive healthcare, nutrition and health education; the pharmacist in the community.

Pharmacology of drugs acting on the autonomic and central nervous systems and the cardiovascular system.